The Importance of Teaching Academic Reading Strategies to First-Year Multilingual Extended Degree Students at a South African University
https://doi.org/10.63081/uejtl.v3i2.127
Academic learning, Academic reading proficiency, Academic reading strategies, First-year extended degree , first-year extended degree students,, South Africa
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings from a study that was conducted to investigate academic reading problems in a South African university among first-year multilingual extended degree students. The paper particularly explores if it is helpful to teach academic reading strategies to first-year extended degree students. A case study design and a qualitative research approach were used to collect and analyse data for this study. Interviews were used to collect data from two lecturers. Focus group discussions and an open-ended questionnaire were used to collect data from 48 students. The study found that it is beneficial to teach academic reading strategies to first-year extended degree students. Among others, summarizing, note-making and text evaluation skills were proven to be helpful. However, because of the low levels of reading proficiency among these students, more and continuous reading support needs to be provided. For this reason, we recommend establishing structured reading discussion programmes to coordinate additional academic reading platforms that can help enhance first-year students’ reading abilities.
References
Allen, L. K., & McNamara, D. S. (2020). Defining deep reading comprehension for diverse readers. In Moje, E.B., Afflerbach, P.P., Enciso, P., & Lesaux, N.K. (Eds). Handbook of Reading Research, Volume V (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315676302
Andrianatos, K. (2019). Barriers to reading in higher education: Rethinking reading support. Reading & Writing, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4102/rw.v10i1.241
Antonyan, Z. H., & Bekaryan, N. M. (2015). Analytical Reading as an Important Means of Language Teaching. Foreign Languages. Yerevan State University Press.
Bahrami, F., & Nosratzadeh, H. (2017). The effectiveness of notetaking on reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 6(7), 308-317. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.308
Bamberg, M. (2020). Narrative analysis: An integrative approach. Qualitative analysis: Eight approaches for the social sciences, 243-264. https://digital.casalini.it/9781529713251
Bharuthram, S. (2012). Making a case for the teaching of reading across the curriculum in higher education. South African Journal of Education, 32(2), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n2a557
Bishop, E. (2014). Critical literacy: Bringing theory to praxis. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.63997/jct.v30i1.457
Boughey, C., & McKenna, S. (2016). Academic literacy and the decontextualised learner. Critical Studies in Teaching and Learning (CriSTaL), 4(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14426/cristal.v4i2.80
Bozalek, V., & Boughey, C. (2012). (Mis) framing higher education in South Africa. Social Policy & Administration, 46(6), 688-703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2012.00863.x
Chalaune, B.S. (2021). Paulo Freire’s Critical Pedagogy in Educational Transformation. International Journal of Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3813
Chi, M. T., & Wylie, R. (2014). The ICAP framework: Linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes. Educational psychologist 49(4), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2014.965823
Christie, F. (2010). Literacy as a theme in educational theory and policy. Literacy and social responsibility: Multiple perspectives, 24-39.
Clase, P., Kok, J., & Van der Merwe, M. (2007). Tension between school governing bodies and education authorities in South Africa and proposed resolutions thereof. South African Journal of Education, 27(2). https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC32121
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Reflections on the MMIRA the future of mixed methods task force report. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689816650298
Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. Sage Publications.
Currie, L., Devlin, F., Emde, J., & Graves, K. (2010). Undergraduate search strategies and evaluation criteria: Searching for credible sources. New Library World, 111(3/4), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074801011027628
Dieu, T. T. T. (2015). Trying KWL strategy on teaching reading comprehension to passive students in Vietnam. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 3(6), 481-492. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20150306.33
Elleman, A. M., & Compton, D. L. (2017). Beyond comprehension strategy instruction: What's next? Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 48(2), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_LSHSS-16-0036
Frăsineanu, E. S. (2013). Approach to learning process: superficial learning and deep learning at students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 346-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.125
Giroux, H.A. (2010) Rethinking Education as the Practice of Freedom: Paulo Freire and the Promise of Critical Pedagogy. Policy Futures in Education. 8(6), 715-721. https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2010.8.6.715
Godfrey, J. (2023). Reading and making notes. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (2011). Teaching and researching reading (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315726274
Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (2014). Teaching reading for academic purposes. In M. Celce-Murcia, D. M. Brinton, & M. A. Snow (Eds.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (4th ed., pp. 189–205). Heinle Cengage.
Hezam, T. A., Ali, J. K. M., Imtiaz, S., Saifi, M. A., & Islam, M. R. (2022). Challenges and Problems of Reading Comprehension Experienced by EFL Learners. Journal of English Studies in Arabia Felix, 1(2), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.56540/jesaf.v1i2.28
Hussein, B. A. S. (2012). Analysis of the real situation of teaching reading comprehension to first year Students at the Department of English Language and Literature at Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan. Asian Social Science, 8(4), 237. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n4p237
Irkinovich, N. R., & Izatullaevna, I. I. (2022). Methods for Teaching Reading. Journal of Pedagogical Inventions and Practices, 15, 47–50. https://zienjournals.com/index.php/jpip/article/view/2968
Jacobs, M., De Bruin, G. P., Van Tonder, S. P., & Viljoen, M. (2015). Articulation in Science programmes: A placement strategy to enhance student success. South African Journal of Higher Education, 29(1), 60–78. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC172798
Jensen, E. (2013). How poverty affects classroom engagement. Educational leadership, 70(8), 24–30. https://www.ascd.org/el/articles/how-poverty-affects-classroom-engagement
Kincheloe, J. L. (2011). The knowledges of teacher education: Developing a critical complex epistemology. In Key works in critical pedagogy (pp. 227–243). Brill Publishers. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789460913976/BP000020.xml
Kincheloe, J. L., McLaren, P., & Steinberg, S. R. (2011). Critical pedagogy and qualitative research. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 4. Sage Publications.
Klapwijk, N. M. (2011). Reading strategy instruction in grades 4 to 6: Towards a framework for implementation. PhD Thesis. Stellenbosch University. https://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17956
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus group interviewing. Handbook of practical program evaluation, 506–534.
Leeder, C., & Shah, C. (2016). Practicing critical evaluation of online sources improves student search behavior. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 42(4), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.04.001
Lewis, P. J., & Adeney, R. (2014). Narrative research. Qualitative methodology: A practical guide, 161–179.
Liao, G. (2011). On the development of reading ability. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(3), 302–305. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.1.3.302-305
Liccardo, S., Botsis, H., & Dominguez-Whitehead, Y. (2015). Background knowledge and epistemological access: Challenges facing black women in a SET Scholarship Programme. South African Journal of Higher Education, 29(1), 373–389. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC172781
Luke, A. (2012). Critical literacy: Foundational notes. Theory into Practice, 51(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00405841.2012.636324
Machika, P. (2012). Redefining access for success in Engineering extended programmes. South African Journal of Higher Education, 26(5), 987–1000. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC132755
Magogwe, J. M. (2013). Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies of University of Botswana English as Second Language students of different academic reading proficiencies. Reading & Writing-Journal of the Reading Association of South Africa, 4(1), 1–8. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC132513
McKernan, J. (2013). Curriculum action research: A handbook of methods and resources for the reflective practitioner. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315041742
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Sage Publications. https://www.sidalc.net/search/Record/KOHA-OAI-ECOSUR:4757
Miller, K., & Merdian, H. (2020). “It’s not a waste of time!” Academics’ views on the role and function of academic reading: A thematic analysis. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 17(2), 3. https://doi.org/10.53761/1.17.2.3
Molotja, T. W. (2020). An Exploration of the Academic Reading Strategies of first year English Education students at a South African University. Journal of African Education, 1(2), 103-124. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1f20ba09da
Mulatu, E., & Regassa, T. (2022). Teaching reading skills in EFL classes: Practice and procedures teachers use to help learners with low reading skills. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2093493. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2093493
Nkosi, I. N. (2012). An exploration of the teaching beliefs and practices of adult basic education and training teachers of reading. PhD Thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Nourdad, N., & Asghari, R. (2017). The effect of reflective reading on reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 6(6), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.6p.267
Novak, J. D., Reiska, P., Cañas, A. J., & Bunch, L. (2013). CmapAnalysis: an extensible concept map analysis tool. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, 4(1), 36–46. https://jett.labosfor.com/index.php/jett/article/view/435
Özçakmak, H. (2019). Impact of note-taking during reading and during listening on comprehension. Educational Research and Reviews, 14(16), 580–589. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2019.3812
Park, S., Holloway, S. D., Arendtsz, A., Bempechat, J., & Li, J. (2012). What makes students engaged in learning? A time-use study of within-and between-individual predictors of emotional engagement in low-performing high schools. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 390–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9738-3
Pearce, H., Campbell, A., Craig, T. S., Le Roux, P., Nathoo, K., & Vicatos, E. (2015). The articulation between the mainstream and extended degree programmes in engineering at the University of Cape Town: Reflections and possibilities. South African Journal of Higher Education, 29(1), 150–163. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC172793
Pineteh, E. A. (2014). The academic writing challenges of undergraduate students: A South African case study. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p12
Pretorius, E. J., & Klapwijk, N. M. (2016). Reading comprehension in South African schools: Are teachers getting it, and getting it right? Per Linguam: A Journal of Language Learning. 32(1), 1–20. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC189604
Ranjbar, M. H., & Nasiri, S. F. (2024). Autonomous Learning in Higher Education: An Iraqi EFL Students’ Perceptions. Universal Education Journal of Teaching and Learning, 1(4), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.63081/uejtl.v1i4.87
Saengpakdeejit, R., & Intaraprasert, C. (2014). Reading Strategies in Foreign Language Academic Reading: A Qualitative Investigation. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.4.12.2599-2608
Tenopir, C., Levine, K., Allard, S., Christian, L., Volentine, R., Boehm, R., ... & Watkinson, A. (2016). Trustworthiness and authority of scholarly information in a digital age: Results of an international questionnaire. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(10), 2344–2361. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23598
Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology, 2, 17–36.
Van der Berg, S., Taylor, S., Gustafsson, M., Spaull, N., & Armstrong, P. (2011). Improving education quality in South Africa. Report for the National Planning Commission, 2, 1–23. https://resep.sun.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/2011-Report-for-NPC.pdf
Van Dyk, T., Van de Poel, K., & Van der Slik, F. (2013). Reading ability and academic acculturation: The case of South African students entering higher education. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, 42, 353–369. https://doi.org/10.5842/42-0-146
Yafele, S. (2021). Translanguaging for academic reading at a South African university. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 39(4), 404–424. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1981767
Yüksel, İ., & Yüksel, İ. (2012). Metacognitive awareness of academic reading strategies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 894–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.164
Yurko, N., & Protsenko, U. (2020). Reading comprehension: the significance, features and strategies. Publishing house https://doi.org/10.36074/rodmmrfssn.ed-1.10
Zamel, V., & Spack, R. (2012). Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning across languages and cultures. Routledge.
Zhang, L., & Seepho, S. (2013). Metacognitive strategy use and academic reading achievement: insights from a Chinese context. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 10(1), 54–69. https://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/docroot/v10n12013/zhang.pdf
Zimmerman, L. (2014). Lessons learnt: Observation of Grade 4 reading comprehension teaching in South African schools across the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 achievement spectrum. Reading & Writing-Journal of the Reading Association of South Africa, 5(1), 1-9. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC163889
Zimmerman, L., & Smit, B. (2014). Profiling classroom reading comprehension development practices from the PIRLS 2006 in South Africa. South African Journal of Education, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.15700/201409161101
Zin, Z. M., Wong, B. E., & Rafik-Galea, S. (2014). Critical reading ability and its relation to L2 proficiency of Malaysian ESL learners. 3L The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 20(02):43-54. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2014-2002-04
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ulita Muidzo Chimenya, Choice Dimakatso Mpanza

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.



